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Goal-Directed Therapy

Content Type: Protocols | Provider

Created: June 28, 2021
Contributors: Alexander Gregory, MD • Kevin Lobdell, MD • Seenu Reddy, MD • Amanda Rea, DNP, CRNP, AGACNP-BC, CCRN, CMC, CSC, E-AEC • Patrick Farrer, MSN, RN • Corey Hammac, MSN, APRN, AGACNP-BC • ERAS Cardiac Collaborative Network
Editors: Cheryl Crisafi, MSN, RN, CNL • Amanda Rea, DNP, CRNP, AGACNP-BC, CCRN, CMC, CSC, E-AEC • Gina McConnell, RN, BSN, CCRN • Shannon Crotwell, RN, BSN, CCRN • Alexander Gregory, MD, FRCPC
Sposnor

Summary

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs aim to reduce surgical stress, preserve physiologic function, and support postoperative recovery through the standardized application of evidence-based practices. Goal-directed therapy (GDT) is a recommended component of enhanced recovery in cardiac surgery and has been associated with favorable outcomes across heterogeneous patient populations.

GDT incorporates physiologic monitoring and targeted interventions to optimize flow and oxygen delivery in critically ill patients and in those undergoing major surgery. Although goals, monitoring strategies, and therapeutic approaches may vary, GDT provides a standardized framework to guide individualized resuscitation and hemodynamic management. Emerging data sources and advanced analytics, including artificial intelligence, may further enhance risk assessment and mitigation strategies in the future.

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AI Assistance Statement

This summary was developed with assistance from artificial intelligence and reviewed, edited, and approved by the listed editor(s). Reference: OpenAI (2025). ChatGPT (November version) [Large language model]. 
https://chat.openai.com

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The Virtual Education Center (VEC) and all included content are intended to inform ERAS Cardiac Members on a wide range of topics related to enhanced recovery. The information presented has been provided by enhanced recovery experts and is for educational purposes only.

It is not intended to describe, recommend, or suggest any specific medical practice or intervention, nor should it be considered formal medical advice or consultation. The ERAS Cardiac Society cannot guarantee that the information provided is accurate or complete in every respect. Therefore, the Society is not responsible for any errors, omissions, or clinical outcomes resulting from application of the information obtained through the VEC.

All healthcare professionals should continue to exercise sound clinical judgment and base therapeutic decisions on the best available evidence and patient specific factors.

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References

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